In How to Think Like a Roman Emperor, author Donald Robertson introduces readers to the life and philosophy of Marcus Aurelius, one of ancient Rome’s most admired leaders. Marcus Aurelius was both an emperor and a devoted student of Stoicism—a way of thinking that focuses on self-control, virtue, and accepting what can’t be changed. Robertson weaves together stories from Marcus’s reign, personal details from his diary Meditations, and modern psychology techniques to show how Stoicism can help people today.

Stoicism teaches that while we can’t control everything in life—like the weather or other people’s actions—we can control our own thoughts and reactions. Robertson provides examples of Marcus Aurelius facing challenges like wars on the empire’s borders, personal health problems, and the weight of ruling millions. Yet, Marcus kept his composure by reflecting on Stoic ideas, reminding himself that external events are temporary and that real strength comes from one’s character.

One key lesson from the book is recognizing the difference between what you can influence and what you can’t. Robertson points out that worrying about things outside your control often leads to anxiety. Instead, Stoics recommend focusing on how to respond calmly and ethically. Another important principle is the idea that we grow by facing hardships bravely. Marcus Aurelius wrote that every difficult moment is a chance to practice patience, courage, or kindness—traits the Stoics believed lead to a meaningful life.

Robertson also shares practical exercises inspired by Stoicism. For example, the “premeditation of adversity” asks you to imagine facing common problems—like failing a test or getting into an argument with a friend—so you can plan a thoughtful response ahead of time. This helps you stay steady if challenges arise unexpectedly. He compares these techniques to modern strategies in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), showing how ancient wisdom still applies to mental health today.

Ultimately, How to Think Like a Roman Emperor portrays Marcus Aurelius not as a flawless hero, but as a person striving to do his best in a tough role. His commitment to honesty, justice, and self-reflection made him a model of Stoic philosophy. Robertson believes that by studying Marcus’s mindset and applying these Stoic methods, readers can learn to handle stress, maintain perspective, and become more resilient. The book reminds us that even if we’re not emperors, we face our own daily battles—ones we can approach with the calm and courage of a Roman Stoic.